Journal of Petroleum and Sedimentary Geology

Korean Society of Petroleum and Sedimentary Geology

J Pet Sediment Geol 1(1):50-64

eISSN: 2635-7704

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31697/jpsg.2018.1.1.50

Article

캐나다 앨버타분지 하부 백악기 층서와 남부 평원 지역 하부 맨빌층군 석유시스템에 대한 고찰

최용석¹^,^*, 김문기², 이효종³, 홍시찬⁴

A review of the Lower Cretaceous stratigraphy of the Alberta Basin and petroleum systems of the Lower Mannville Group in the southern Alberta Plain, Canada

Yong Seok Choi¹^,^*, Mun Gi Kim², Hyojong Lee³, Si Chan Hong⁴

^*Corresponding Author :Yong Seok Choi, Tel: +82-2-537-1151, E-mail: geoclew@gmail.com

ⓒ Copyright 2018 Korean Society of Petroleum and Sedimentary Geology. This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Received: Sep 14, 2018 ; Revised: Oct 16, 2018 ; Accepted: Oct 18, 2018

Published Online: Oct 31, 2018

요약

캐나다 앨버타분지 내 맨빌층군에는 많은 양의 탄화수소 자원이 매장되어 오랜 기간 석유자원이 개발되어 왔으나, 대부분의 지층이 지하 시추공에서 정의되어 있는 한계로 인해 지하 저류층 및 석유시스템에 대한 층서명 사용에 연구자 간 불일치와 혼란이 존재한다. 따라서 여러 문헌을 검토하여 앨버타평원 지역에 존재하는 맨빌층군 및 이와 대비되는 지층들을 비교 분석하여 일부 지층들의 지질 시대 및 공간적 분포를 분지 전체의 퇴적사와 층서학적 대비를 바탕으로 재해석하였다. 그 결과, 맨빌층군 기저 부정합면 바로 위의 데빌층은 상, 하부 지층과의 부정합적 관계 그리고 성인적 관점에서 상부의 맨빌층군 및 하부의 쥬라기층과 분리하여 별개의 지층으로 구별하는 것이 적절할 것으로 판단된다. 또한 베이설쿼츠는 오스트라코드베드 아래에 있는 하부 맨빌층군을 지칭하는 비공식 지층명이다. 맨빌층군 내 블루스카이사암 및 와비스코사암은 글로코나이트사암과 암상적으로 매우 유사하나, 해침기(블루스카이/와비스코 사암)와 해퇴기(글로코나이트사암)로 시대를 달리하며, 서로 다른 지역에 퇴적된 지층이라는 점에서 층서적으로 구별되어야 할 것으로 판단된다. 앨버타분지 남부 지역에서 가장 주된 저류층은 베이설쿼츠 내 사암층으로서 이 저류층은 여러 차례 중첩된 각 절개곡에 형성된 남-북 방향의 주하도 및 이에 수지상으로 연결된 지류에 쌓인 하도 사암층이다. 이 저류층에 탄화수소를 공급한 주된 근원암은 쥬라기에 퇴적된 퍼니층군 내 유기물이 풍부한 해양성 셰일일 것으로 해석되며, 저류층 상부의 치밀한 퇴적물로 구성된 오스트라코드베드가 광역적 덮개암의 역할을 하여 여러 지역에서 층서적 집유장을 형성한 것으로 해석된다.

ABSTRACT

The Manville Group in the Alberta Basin, Canada, contains large amounts of hydrocarbon resources and has long been a target of petroleum exploration and production. However, there exists no standard stratigraphic classification system that can be applied for the basin-wide underground reservoirs and petroleum systems, mainly due to the limitations that most stratigraphic nomenclatures were defined by information obtained from underground boreholes. In this review, after extensive literature survey we reinterpret the spatio-temporal relationships of the Mannville Group and its correlative strata on the basis of the depositional history and stratigraphic context in the Alberta Plain region. It seems appropriate to distinguish the Deville Formation lying immediately above the sub-Mannville unconformity as a stratigraphic unit separated from the overlying Mannville Group and the underlying Jurassic strata based on its unconformable relationship both above and below and its depositional origin. The Basal Quartz, commonly used unofficially, is a stratigraphic unit referring to the lower Mannville strata beneath the Ostracod Beds. The Bluesky and the Wabiskaw sandstones in the Mannville Group are very similar to the Glauconitic Sandstone in terms of lithology, but their depositional histories are different from the latter. The former sandstones had been deposited during the overall transgressive stages, whereas the latter is a deposit that was formed during the following regressive stage after the deposition of the former sandstones. The main reservoirs in the southern Alberta region are the Basal Quartz sandstones, which represent fluvial channel sandstones that filled the main channels having a N-S orientation and dendritic tributary channels connected to the main channels. The main source rocks are interpreted to be organic matter-rich marine shales of the Jurassic Fernie Group. The Ostracod Beds are very poor in permeability and thus form a regional seal, forming stratigraphic traps in numerous areas.

Keywords: 앨버타분지; 맨빌층군; 층서학적 재해석; 석유시스템

Keywords: Alberta Basin; Mannville Group; stratigraphic reinterpretation; petroleum systems

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